21 Dec 2025

Project Work Project Writing on The Role of the Military and Democracy in Pakistan for HS 2nd Year

Project Writing on The Role of the Military and Democracy in Pakistan for HS 2nd Year

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Project Writing on The Role of the Military and Democracy in Pakistan for HS 2nd Year

Project Writing on The Role of the Military and Democracy in Pakistan for HS 2nd Year


Project Writing on The Role of the Military and Democracy in Pakistan for HS 2nd Year: The main idea behind project work is to make sure that the learner does their own research and comes up with practical solutions to the concept they are trying to learn or the problem that they are trying to solve. Here you can avail The Role of the Military and Democracy in Pakistan for HS 2nd Year.



The Role of the Military and Democracy in Pakistan Project Class 12 Political Science | Political Science Project Writing HS 2nd Year HS 2026


The Role of the Military and Democracy in Pakistan


Introduction: Pakistan’s political system has been deeply influenced by the role of its military since its creation in 1947. Unlike many democratic states where civilian institutions dominate governance.


Pakistan has experienced repeated military interventions in politics. The military has played a dominant role in Pakistan’s politics, often interrupting democratic processes. Understanding this relationship is essential to grasp Pakistan’s political development and challenges.

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Historical Background

Pakistan emerged as an independent nation in August 1947 after the partition of British India. Pakistan faced severe challenges such as the refugee crisis, economic weakness, and territorial disputes, especially with India over Kashmir.

Project Writing on The Role of the Military and Democracy in Pakistan for HS 2nd Year

Weak & inexperienced political institutions and sudden death of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan created a leadership vacuum. In this environment, the military emerged as a disciplined and organized force. Gradually, this imbalance allowed the military to expand its influence over national affairs and political decision-making.


Military Rule and Coups

Pakistan has witnessed several military coups that disrupted democratic rule. After Pakistan adopted its first constitution, General Ayub Khan assumed control of the administration and was soon elected. 

Project Writing on The Role of the Military and Democracy in Pakistan for HS 2nd Year

  • In 1958 when General Ayub Khan overthrew the civilian government, claiming it was corrupt and ineffective. This marked the beginning of military dominance in politics. 


  • Later, General Yahya Khan took power in 1969. During Yahya's rule, Pakistan faced the Bangladesh crisis, leading to the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent country after a war with India in 1971.


  • From 1971 to 1977, Pakistan was governed by an elected government led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. However, General Zia-ul-Haq removed Bhutto's government in 1977, marking the beginning of his regime.


  • General Zia-ul-Haq faced a pro-democracy movement from 1982 onwards, leading to the restoration of democracy under Benazir Bhutto's leadership in 1988. Pakistani politics then revolved around the competition between Bhutto's Pakistan People’s Party and the Muslim League.


  • Democracy persisted until 1999 when the army intervened again. In 1999, General Pervez Musharraf staged another coup against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. General Pervez Musharraf removed Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. In 2001, General Musharraf assumed the presidency.


Each military regime justified its rule as necessary for national stability and good governance. Repeated military interventions damaged the growth of democratic traditions in Pakistan. Parliament, judiciary, and political parties were unable to function independently for long periods. As a result, democracy in Pakistan remained fragile and inconsistent.


Even during periods of civilian rule, the military has continued to play a significant role behind the scenes. It has strong influence over foreign policy, national security and relations with neighboring countries like India and Afghanistan. Defence budgets and strategic decisions often remain beyond civilian oversight.


Conclusion

The role of the military in Pakistan has been a major factor shaping the country’s democratic experience. While the military has often stepped in during times of crisis, its repeated involvement has weakened democratic growth and delayed political development. 


At the same time, democracy in Pakistan has survived repeated setbacks, showing the people’s commitment to representative governance. For Pakistan’s future progress, a clear balance must be established where the military remains subordinate to civilian authority, allowing democracy to strengthen and flourish.


Bibliography: For successfully completing this project, I have taken help from the followings 

(i) NCERT Textbook

(ii) Teacher 

(iii) edunation19

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