Indigo class 12 NCERT solutions
Indigo class 12 NCERT solutions: Indigo is chapter no four from class 12 English NCERT text book Flamingo. It is a biographical work on Mahatma Gandhi written by Louis Fischer. Here, you'll get Indigo class 12 NCERT solutions.
In this lesson Indigo the author Louis Fischer describe about the sharecropping system in Bihar and exploitation of the British landlords over the poor peasants of champaran and how Mahatma Gandhi lead Champaran movement and help them to get their right and how Indian people gathered courage to fight against the British.
Indigo class 12/AHSEC HS 2nd Year Questions Answers
Here, in this article we have tried to cover up about
1. Louis Fischer about the author of Indigo
2. Indigo lesson summary in English
3. Indigo explanation in English
4. Indigo short questions answers
5. Indigo NCERT text-book solutions
6. Indigo extra questions answers
7. Indigo important questions answers
8. Indigo long questions answers
Louis Fischer : About the Author
In 1917 he joined the Jewish Legion, a military unit in Palestine. On his return to the United States Fischer worked for a news agency in New York.
In 1921 Fischer went to Germany and began contributing to the New York Evening Post as a European correspondent.then he moved to Moscow and started working for The Nation.
Louis Fischer died on 15 January in 1970
The lesson Indigo is an extract from Louis Fischer's biography on Mahatma Gandhi. Louis Fischer describes how Gandhiji took up the cause of the poor indigo sharecroppers of Champaran, Bihar in the foothills of Himalayas. A poor peasant came from Champaran to Gandhiji and complain him about the exploitation done by the British Landlords.
Then Gandhiji went to Bihar in 1917 to learn about the injustice of the British Landlord. Complying with an old agreement, the sharecroppers were forced to grow indigo. Indigo was the main crops that time in Champaran. But there was a news that Germany had discovered synthetic indigo, that would decrease the value of natural indigo in the market. When the poor peasants signed a new agreement pertaining to their land, the cunning landlords demanded huge sums of money for freeing their land.
Gandhiji's long and heroic struggle for the justice to the poor peasants of Champaran and that issue marked the first victory of the Civil Disobedience Movement. From then the British landlord faced their defeat when they were compelled to return twenty five percent of extorted money to the sharecroppers and surrender their land holdings. And people learnt courage and became fear free.
Indigo class 12/HS 2nd Year Summary in English
Then Gandhiji went to Bihar in 1917 to learn about the injustice of the British Landlord. Complying with an old agreement, the sharecroppers were forced to grow indigo. Indigo was the main crops that time in Champaran. But there was a news that Germany had discovered synthetic indigo, that would decrease the value of natural indigo in the market. When the poor peasants signed a new agreement pertaining to their land, the cunning landlords demanded huge sums of money for freeing their land.
Gandhiji's long and heroic struggle for the justice to the poor peasants of Champaran and that issue marked the first victory of the Civil Disobedience Movement. From then the British landlord faced their defeat when they were compelled to return twenty five percent of extorted money to the sharecroppers and surrender their land holdings. And people learnt courage and became fear free.
Indigo class 12/HS 2nd Year Summary in Hindi
अध्याय Indigo महात्मा गांधी पर लुई फिशर की जीवनी से एक उद्धरण है। लुई फिशर का वर्णन है कि कैसे गांधीजी ने हिमालय की तलहटी में चंपारण, बिहार के गरीब इंडिगो शेयरक्रॉपर का कारण बना। एक गरीब किसान चंपारण से गांधीजी के पास आया और उसने ब्रिटिश जमींदारों द्वारा किए गए शोषण की शिकायत की।
फिर गांधीजी 1917 में ब्रिटिश जमींदार के अन्याय के बारे में जानने के लिए बिहार गए। एक पुराने समझौते का अनुपालन करते हुए, शेयरक्रॉपरों को इंडिगो बढ़ने के लिए मजबूर किया गया था। इंडिगो चंपारण में उस समय की प्रमुख फसलें थीं। लेकिन एक खबर थी कि जर्मनी ने सिंथेटिक इंडिगो की खोज की थी, जिससे बाजार में प्राकृतिक इंडिगो के मूल्य में कमी आएगी। जब गरीब किसानों ने अपनी भूमि से संबंधित एक नए समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर किए, तो चालाक जमींदारों ने अपनी भूमि को मुक्त करने के लिए बड़ी रकम की मांग की।
चंपारण के गरीब किसानों को न्याय दिलाने के लिए गांधीजी का लंबा और वीर संघर्ष और उस मुद्दे ने सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन की पहली जीत को चिह्नित किया। तब से ब्रिटिश जमींदार को अपनी हार का सामना करना पड़ा, जब वे पच्चीस प्रतिशत तक का पैसा अंशधारियों को लौटाने के लिए मजबूर थे और अपनी भूमि जोत को आत्मसमर्पण कर दिया। और लोगों ने साहस सीखा और भय मुक्त हो गए।
Indigo class 12 Explanation
• Paragraph 1 to 6 :
When I first visited Gandhi..........
......................take me from there.
Explanation : The author first visited Gandhi at his ashram in 1942. Gandhi told the author how the decision to urge the British govt to depart from India was taken.
Gandhiji was at the annual convention of the National Congress party in Lucknow in December 1916. It was attended by more than two thousand delegates and visitors.
A peasant Rajkumar Shukla came to meet Gandhi there. He told him about the exploitation by the British landlord and requested him to visit Champaran. Before that Gandhi had a very low idea about Champaran.
Shukla had resolved to Gandhi to his district Champaran to show him the injustice of the landlord system in Bihar and the pathetic condition of the sharecroppers. Gandhi had to attend to some preoccupation elsewhere, so he told Shukal that he would visit Champaran. But Shukla did not leave his side, he followed Gandhi to many places.
Gandhi was impressed with Shukla's tenacity and determination. Then Gandhi told Shukla that he proposed to visit Calcutta and asked him to meet there in Calcutta.
Explanation : After months passed, Gandhi visited in Calcutta but Shukla was already there at the appointed place waiting for Gandhi. After the meeting both of them boarded a train to Patna in Bihar.
• Paragraph 7 to 10
Months passed........ real relief for them is to be free from fear.
Explanation : After months passed, Gandhi visited in Calcutta but Shukla was already there at the appointed place waiting for Gandhi. After the meeting both of them boarded a train to Patna in Bihar.
There Shukla took Gandhi to the house of a lawyer named Rajendra Prasad ( first president of India ). Rajendra Prasad was out of town, the servants knew Shukla well and gave shelter. The servants thought Gandhi was another peasant and did not allow him to draw water from the well, thinking he might be an untouchable.
Then Gandhi decided to visit Muzzafarpur before going to Champaran, inorder to collect complete details about the condition of Champaran.
Professor J.B.Kripalani received Gandhi at the station with a large body of students. There he stayed in the house of Professor Malkani who was a teacher in a government school. During that time people were afraid to show sympathy for the leaders fighting for home rule.
Sharecroppers from far came to Muzzafarpur to see Gandhi. There Gandhi met lawyers who represented peasants in courts and chided them for collecting big fee of amount from the sharecroppers. Gandhi told that taking the case to court would do nothing good but they should be relieved of fear first.
Explanation : British landlords owned most of the fertile lands in Champaran where Indian peasants worked as tenants. The main commercial crop was indigo and there was a long term agreement that the farmers were compelled to plant fifteen percent of their holdings with that crop and they had to surrender the entire harvest as rent.
During the time, Germany had developed synthetic indigo. The landlords realises that natural indigo would no longer profitable. So they decided to end its cultivation, and forced the peasants to pay compensation.
Many of them were ready to sign the agreement and those who resisted, fight their case in law. On the other hand the British landlords hired thugs. When the farmers who had signed came to know about the synthetic indigo, they wanted their money back.
At this point Gandhi arrived....... allowed Gandhi to remain at liberty.
Explanation: Gandhi arrived in Champaran, he started to collect facts and visited the British landlord's association but they refused to gave him any information saying that him as an outsider. Then Gandhi pointed out that he was not an outsider. Then he called on the commissioner of the Tirhut division. But the commissioner asked Gandhi to leave the district. Gandhi proceeded to Motihari, the capital of Champaran, accompanied by several lawyers. From there he continued further investigation.
Meanwhile a news was that, a farmer was tortured in a nearby village and Gandhi proceeded on the back of an elephant to see what had happened. On his was a messenger from the police superintendant stopped him and ordered him to return back. The messenger drove Gandhi home and a notice to leave Champaran immediately. Then Gandhi opposed and wrote back that he would not obey the order.
Gandhi was summoned to appear in the court next day. then Gandhi asked Rajendra Prasad to come from Bihar with influential friends. Sent instructions to his ashram and sent a full report to the viceroy.
When Gandhi appeared in the court, authority had a great trouble to control the situation. A larger number of people came to see Gandhi thinking Gandhi was in trouble and gathered around the court house. This marked the beginning of their liberation from fear of the British. Gandhi helped the official to control the crowd, then British got to know that they could be challenged by the Indians.
The government prosecutor asked for postponement of the trial but Gandhi protested the delay and pleaded his guilty, he advocated his reason of disobedience. He was ready to pay penalty for this.
Then the judge announced a break for two hours and ordered Gandhi only to pay the bill amount for that time, Gandhi refused. The judge had to let him free without bail, it was announced that the judgement could not be announced for dew days and Gandhi could remain freely.
• Paragraph 11 to 13
Most of the arable land........they wanted their money back.
Explanation : British landlords owned most of the fertile lands in Champaran where Indian peasants worked as tenants. The main commercial crop was indigo and there was a long term agreement that the farmers were compelled to plant fifteen percent of their holdings with that crop and they had to surrender the entire harvest as rent.
During the time, Germany had developed synthetic indigo. The landlords realises that natural indigo would no longer profitable. So they decided to end its cultivation, and forced the peasants to pay compensation.
Many of them were ready to sign the agreement and those who resisted, fight their case in law. On the other hand the British landlords hired thugs. When the farmers who had signed came to know about the synthetic indigo, they wanted their money back.
• Paragraph 14 to 25
At this point Gandhi arrived....... allowed Gandhi to remain at liberty.
Explanation: Gandhi arrived in Champaran, he started to collect facts and visited the British landlord's association but they refused to gave him any information saying that him as an outsider. Then Gandhi pointed out that he was not an outsider. Then he called on the commissioner of the Tirhut division. But the commissioner asked Gandhi to leave the district. Gandhi proceeded to Motihari, the capital of Champaran, accompanied by several lawyers. From there he continued further investigation.
Meanwhile a news was that, a farmer was tortured in a nearby village and Gandhi proceeded on the back of an elephant to see what had happened. On his was a messenger from the police superintendant stopped him and ordered him to return back. The messenger drove Gandhi home and a notice to leave Champaran immediately. Then Gandhi opposed and wrote back that he would not obey the order.
Gandhi was summoned to appear in the court next day. then Gandhi asked Rajendra Prasad to come from Bihar with influential friends. Sent instructions to his ashram and sent a full report to the viceroy.
When Gandhi appeared in the court, authority had a great trouble to control the situation. A larger number of people came to see Gandhi thinking Gandhi was in trouble and gathered around the court house. This marked the beginning of their liberation from fear of the British. Gandhi helped the official to control the crowd, then British got to know that they could be challenged by the Indians.
The government prosecutor asked for postponement of the trial but Gandhi protested the delay and pleaded his guilty, he advocated his reason of disobedience. He was ready to pay penalty for this.
Then the judge announced a break for two hours and ordered Gandhi only to pay the bill amount for that time, Gandhi refused. The judge had to let him free without bail, it was announced that the judgement could not be announced for dew days and Gandhi could remain freely.
Indigo class 12 Short Questions Answers
Q1. Who is the author of the lesson Indigo ?
Ans: Louis Fischer is the author of the lesson Indigo.
Ans: Louis Fischer is the author of the lesson Indigo.
Q2. Where and when was the annual convention of the Indian National Congress party held ?
Ans: The annual convention of the Nation Congress party was held in Lucknow in december 1916.
Ans: The annual convention of the Nation Congress party was held in Lucknow in december 1916.
Q3. Who was Rajkumar Shukla ?
Ans: Rajkumar Shukla was a poor sharecropper peasant from Champaran.
Ans: Rajkumar Shukla was a poor sharecropper peasant from Champaran.
Q4. Where was Rajkumar Shukla from ?
Ans: Rajkumar Shukla was from Champaran.
Ans: Rajkumar Shukla was from Champaran.
Q5. What did Shukla want Gandhi to do ?
Ans: Shukla wanted Gandhi to visit his district Champaran.
Ans: Shukla wanted Gandhi to visit his district Champaran.
Q5. Where is Champaran ?
Ans: Champaran is in Bihar near the kingdom of Nepal.
Ans: Champaran is in Bihar near the kingdom of Nepal.
Q7. What is the capital city of Champaran ?
Ans: Motihari is the capital of Champaran.
Ans: Motihari is the capital of Champaran.
Q8. Where did Gandhi board a train from Kolakata ? Or
Where did Gandhi and Shukla board a train to ?
Ans: Gandhi boarded a train from Colcutta to Patna.
Where did Gandhi and Shukla board a train to ?
Ans: Gandhi boarded a train from Colcutta to Patna.
Q9. What is sharecropping ?
Ans: Sharecropping is process where a peasant gave a part of his crop as rent to the owner of the land.
Ans: Sharecropping is process where a peasant gave a part of his crop as rent to the owner of the land.
Q10. Where did Gandhi stay in Muzzafarpur ?
Ans: In Muzzafarpur Gandhi stayed in the house of Professor Malkani.
Q11. What were the three medicine used for diseases in Champaran ?
Ans: Castor Oil, quinine and sulphur ointment were the three medicines used for diseases in champaran.
Ans: Castor Oil, quinine and sulphur ointment were the three medicines used for diseases in champaran.
Q12. Who was Sir Edward Gait ?
Ans: Sir Edward Gait was the Lieutenant Governor at that time.
Ans: Sir Edward Gait was the Lieutenant Governor at that time.
Q13. Which country had developed synthetic Indigo ?
Ans: Germany had developed synthetic Indigo.
Ans: Germany had developed synthetic Indigo.
Q14. What was the lesson Gandhi taught through the incident ?
Ans: Through the incident Gandhi taught us the lesson of self reliance.
Ans: Through the incident Gandhi taught us the lesson of self reliance.
Q15. When did Gandhi decide to urge the departure of the British ?
Ans: Gandhi decided to urge the departure of the British in 1917.
Ans: Gandhi decided to urge the departure of the British in 1917.
Q16. Where did Gandhi decide to go first from Patna ?
Ans: Gandhi decided to go first to Muzzafarpur from Patna.
Ans: Gandhi decided to go first to Muzzafarpur from Patna.
Q17. For which service Gandhi went to Champaran ?
Ans: Gandhi went to Champaran to perform the humanitarian and national service.
Ans: Gandhi went to Champaran to perform the humanitarian and national service.
Q18. What happened when Gandhi refused to furnish bail at the Muzzafarpur court ?
Ans: When Gandhi refused to furnish bail at the Muzzafarpur court, he was released without bail.
Ans: When Gandhi refused to furnish bail at the Muzzafarpur court, he was released without bail.
Q19. Where did Gandhi go in December 1916 ?
Ans: Gandhi went to the annual convention of the Indian National Congress party in Lucknow.
Ans: Gandhi went to the annual convention of the Indian National Congress party in Lucknow.
Q20. Why did Shukla come to the Congress session of 1916 ?
Ans: Shukla came to the Congress session of 1916 to meet Gandhi and seek his help.
Ans: Shukla came to the Congress session of 1916 to meet Gandhi and seek his help.
Q21. When did Gandhi reach Muzzafarpur ?
Ans: Gandhi reached Muzzafarpur in the midnight of 15 April in 1917.
Ans: Gandhi reached Muzzafarpur in the midnight of 15 April in 1917.
Q22. Where did Gandhi proceed from Tirhut ?
Ans: From Tirhut Gandhi went to Motihari.
Q1. Strike out what is true in the following.
a. Rajkumar Shukla was
Ans: From Tirhut Gandhi went to Motihari.
Indigo class 12 NCERT textbook Questions Answers
• Page No 47
Q1. Strike out what is true in the following.
a. Rajkumar Shukla was
(i) a sharecropper
(ii) a politician
(iii) delegate
(iv) a land lord
b. Rajkumar Shukla was
(i) poor
(ii) physically strong
(iii) illiterate
Ans: a. (i) a sharecropper b. (iii) illiterate
Q2. Why was Rajkumar Shukla described as being resolute ?
Ans: Rajkumar shukla is described as being resolute because of the effort he spent on taking Gandhi to Champaran. He never left Gandhi's side and accompanied him everywhere.
Ans: Rajkumar shukla is described as being resolute because of the effort he spent on taking Gandhi to Champaran. He never left Gandhi's side and accompanied him everywhere.
Q3. Why do you think the servants thought Gandhi to be another peasant ?
Ans: The servants knew Shukla as a poor farmer who often came to their master for help. Seeing Gandhi with this man and probably by the simplicity of his clothes, they presumed him to be another peasant.
Ans: The servants knew Shukla as a poor farmer who often came to their master for help. Seeing Gandhi with this man and probably by the simplicity of his clothes, they presumed him to be another peasant.
• Page No 49
Q1. List the places that Gandhi visited between his first meeting with Shukla and his arrival in Champaran.
Ans: Gandhi went to Cownpore and several other places across the country. He returned to his ashram near Ahmedabad, from there to Calcutta, and then went to Patna from there went to Muzzafarpur and finally to Champaran.
Ans: Gandhi went to Cownpore and several other places across the country. He returned to his ashram near Ahmedabad, from there to Calcutta, and then went to Patna from there went to Muzzafarpur and finally to Champaran.
Q2. What did the peasant pay the British landlords as rent ? What did the British now want and why ? What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the price of natural indigo ?
Ans: The peasant was compelled to cultivate fifteen percent of their land with indigo and had to gave up entire indigo harvest as rent.
Ans: The peasant was compelled to cultivate fifteen percent of their land with indigo and had to gave up entire indigo harvest as rent.
When the British came to know about synthetic indigo deiscovered by Germany they forced the sharecropper to sign an agreement and pay compensation.
The synthetic indigo would decrease the price and demand of natural indigo in the market.
Indigo HS second year AHSEC
• Page No 51
Q1. The events in this part of the text illustrate Gandhi's method of working. Can you identify some instances of this method and link them to his ideas of satyagraha and non-violence ?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi led the Satyagraha Movement. He was the father of justice and non-violence. He spoke and fought against the violation of human values. He went to Champaran to bring justice for the peasants of Champaran. For that act of his, he received an official advice to quit Champaran immediately. But Gandhi declared that he would disobey the order. He enlightend the lives of the peasants and also the advocates of Champaran. He did all his best to bring justice for the sharecroppers. All these instances link them to Gandhi's ideas of Satyagraha and non-violence.
• Page No 53
Q1. Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of 25 percent refund to the farmers ?
Ans: Gandhi agreed to the 25 percent refund to the farmers because according to him the refunding amount was less important than the British had to surrender their prestige and land holding more over peasant learned courage.
• Page No 54
Q1. Why do you think Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning points in his life ?
Ans: The Champaran episode is regarded as a turning point in Gandhi's life. Gandhi took up this mass movement for the cause of the poor sharecropper peasant. He fought against the long term 15 percent agreement, which the landlords imposed upon the poor and illiterate peasants. They cheated on the poor peasants. The sharecropper had to surrender all their harvest as rent. Gandhi attempted to remove the distress of the poor peasants. He tried in every way possible and won the battle for the peasants.
The victory of sharecropper peasants of Champaran mark the first victory of the Civil Disobedience in modern India. Gandhi made the poor peasants realise their rights make them fear free. The victory was the beginning of the liberation of the sharecroppers who feared the British landlords
Q2. How was Gandhi able to influence lawyers ? Give instance.
Ans: When Gandhi was in Muzzafarpur, the lawyers called on him, Gandhi chided the lawyers for collecting big amounts fee from the poor sharecroppers for taking their case to the court.
When Gandhi went to Motihari, and triel in the court was going on, several prominent lawyers came from Bihar. Gandhi asked them what would they do if he was sentenced to prison. To this a lawyer replied that if he went to jail they would go back to their homes. Then Gandhi asked what would happen to the poor sharecroppers, then the lawyers felt ashamed and said they would also follow him to jail. Thus Gandhi was able to influence lawyers.
Q1. The events in this part of the text illustrate Gandhi's method of working. Can you identify some instances of this method and link them to his ideas of satyagraha and non-violence ?
Ans: Mahatma Gandhi led the Satyagraha Movement. He was the father of justice and non-violence. He spoke and fought against the violation of human values. He went to Champaran to bring justice for the peasants of Champaran. For that act of his, he received an official advice to quit Champaran immediately. But Gandhi declared that he would disobey the order. He enlightend the lives of the peasants and also the advocates of Champaran. He did all his best to bring justice for the sharecroppers. All these instances link them to Gandhi's ideas of Satyagraha and non-violence.
• Page No 53
Q1. Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of 25 percent refund to the farmers ?
Ans: Gandhi agreed to the 25 percent refund to the farmers because according to him the refunding amount was less important than the British had to surrender their prestige and land holding more over peasant learned courage.
Q2. How did the episode change the plight of the peasants ?
Ans: The episode changed the plight of the peasants.They realised they had legal right to fight against. They became fear free learned courage and sharecropping disappeared.
Ans: The episode changed the plight of the peasants.They realised they had legal right to fight against. They became fear free learned courage and sharecropping disappeared.
• Page No 54
Q1. Why do you think Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning points in his life ?
Ans: The Champaran episode is regarded as a turning point in Gandhi's life. Gandhi took up this mass movement for the cause of the poor sharecropper peasant. He fought against the long term 15 percent agreement, which the landlords imposed upon the poor and illiterate peasants. They cheated on the poor peasants. The sharecropper had to surrender all their harvest as rent. Gandhi attempted to remove the distress of the poor peasants. He tried in every way possible and won the battle for the peasants.
The victory of sharecropper peasants of Champaran mark the first victory of the Civil Disobedience in modern India. Gandhi made the poor peasants realise their rights make them fear free. The victory was the beginning of the liberation of the sharecroppers who feared the British landlords
Q2. How was Gandhi able to influence lawyers ? Give instance.
Ans: When Gandhi was in Muzzafarpur, the lawyers called on him, Gandhi chided the lawyers for collecting big amounts fee from the poor sharecroppers for taking their case to the court.
When Gandhi went to Motihari, and triel in the court was going on, several prominent lawyers came from Bihar. Gandhi asked them what would they do if he was sentenced to prison. To this a lawyer replied that if he went to jail they would go back to their homes. Then Gandhi asked what would happen to the poor sharecroppers, then the lawyers felt ashamed and said they would also follow him to jail. Thus Gandhi was able to influence lawyers.
Q3. What was the attitude of the average Indian in smaller localities towards advocates of home re ?
Ans: The common man was scared to show sympathy towards people who advocated home rule because it would mean going against the British.
Ans: The common man was scared to show sympathy towards people who advocated home rule because it would mean going against the British.
Q4. How do we know that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement ?
Ans: Without the perticipation of the common masses the freedom movement would not have been possible. Like Rajkumar shukla many unsung heroes contributed in the freedom movement.
Q1. What was the long term contract ?
Ans: Most of the arable land in the Champaran district was divided into large shares and owned by British landlords. Indian farmers worked as tenants, chief commercial crop was indigo. The farmers were forced to plant three twentieth or 15 percent of their holdings and surrender the entire indigo as rent. This was done under long term contract.
Ans: Without the perticipation of the common masses the freedom movement would not have been possible. Like Rajkumar shukla many unsung heroes contributed in the freedom movement.
Indigo class 12 Extra Questions Answers
Ans: Most of the arable land in the Champaran district was divided into large shares and owned by British landlords. Indian farmers worked as tenants, chief commercial crop was indigo. The farmers were forced to plant three twentieth or 15 percent of their holdings and surrender the entire indigo as rent. This was done under long term contract.
Q2. 'Civil disobedience had triumphed for the first time in modern India' show how this happened ?
Ans: When Gandhi was asked to leave Champaran by the British Commissioner of the Tirhut district, then Gandhi signed the letter and wrote he would disobey the order. Gandhi was summoned to appear in the court next morning. A large number of peasants gathered around the court, the court fell helpless and had to release Gandhi without bail. Therefore it is said that Civil disobedience had triumphed for the first time in modern India.
Ans: When Gandhi was asked to leave Champaran by the British Commissioner of the Tirhut district, then Gandhi signed the letter and wrote he would disobey the order. Gandhi was summoned to appear in the court next morning. A large number of peasants gathered around the court, the court fell helpless and had to release Gandhi without bail. Therefore it is said that Civil disobedience had triumphed for the first time in modern India.
Q3. What was the reaction of the peasants when they heard that Gandhi was in trouble with the authorities. How did Gandhi help the authorities ?
Ans: Gandhi received a summon to appear in the court. The next day thousands of peasants had assembled in Motihari. Peasants held a demonstration outside the court, the officials felt powerless. Gandhi helped the authorities to regulate the crowd.
The peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken that Gandhiji concluded that law courts were useless. The real relief for them was to be free from fear. The spontaneous demonstration by the peasants showed that they were instilled with a new strength and spirit.
Gandhiji showed the poor peasants how to fight the British with ‘satyagraha’. He made them aware of their power and the power of ahimsa. All this laid the foundation of his future movements and served as a great source of strength and motivation for all Indians.
Rajkumar Shukla a sharecropper from Champaran met Gandhi and sought his help. Gandhi went to Champaran. At first Gandhi had to fight with British official and then got the supports of a number of eminent lawyers of Bihar. There was a huge demonstration of thousands of people. A commission of enquiry was conducted and at last British landlords had to pay 25% of the money to the peasants and from then sharecropping disappeared and landlords had to surrender their land holdings.
Indigo class 12/AHSEC HS 2nd Year Important Questions Answers
Q1. Why did Rajkumar Shukla want to take Gandhi to Champaran ?
Ans: Rajkumar Shukla was a poor peasant from Champaran. He had come from Bihar to meet Gandhi in the congress session. He wanted Gandhi to visit Champaran to see the miserable condition of the sharecroppers in Champaran and injustice done by the British landlords.
Ans: Rajkumar Shukla was a poor peasant from Champaran. He had come from Bihar to meet Gandhi in the congress session. He wanted Gandhi to visit Champaran to see the miserable condition of the sharecroppers in Champaran and injustice done by the British landlords.
Q2. Why was Gandhi not allowed to draw water from the well ?
Ans: When Gandhi went with Shukla to Rajendra Prasad's house in Patna, that time Rajendra Prasad was out of town. The servants knew that Shukla a poor peasant and belongs to low caste and they took Gandhi to be another peasant. Thus he was not allowed to draw water from the well because it may pollute the whole well.
Ans: When Gandhi went with Shukla to Rajendra Prasad's house in Patna, that time Rajendra Prasad was out of town. The servants knew that Shukla a poor peasant and belongs to low caste and they took Gandhi to be another peasant. Thus he was not allowed to draw water from the well because it may pollute the whole well.
Q3. What did Gandhi do to remove the cultural and social backwardness in the Champaran villages ?
Ans: Gandhiji's politics was intertwined with the normal people. He saw social backwardness in Champaran was a curse. He wanted to remove, many more volunteers came from other parts of india to help for that cause. Primary schools were opened in six villages. Kasturbai taught cleanliness and sanitation. Gandhi also got a doctor to volunteer his service for six months.
Ans: Gandhiji's politics was intertwined with the normal people. He saw social backwardness in Champaran was a curse. He wanted to remove, many more volunteers came from other parts of india to help for that cause. Primary schools were opened in six villages. Kasturbai taught cleanliness and sanitation. Gandhi also got a doctor to volunteer his service for six months.
Q4. What was Gandhi's politics intertwined with ?
Ans: Civil disobedience was the typical pattern of Gandhi's politics. His politics was intertwined with the practical, day to day problems faced by millions of the common people.
Ans: Civil disobedience was the typical pattern of Gandhi's politics. His politics was intertwined with the practical, day to day problems faced by millions of the common people.
Indigo class 12 Long Questions Answers
Q1. "The battle of Champaran is won" he exclaimed. Explain the context in which this was said
Or
What was the significance of Champaran movement ?
Or
Why do you think Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning point in his life ?
Ans: When Rajkumar Shukla requested Gandhi to visit Champaran, Gandhi decided to go to Champaran. In Patna Gandhi went to meet Rajendra Prasad and then to Muzzafarpur.
Ans: When Rajkumar Shukla requested Gandhi to visit Champaran, Gandhi decided to go to Champaran. In Patna Gandhi went to meet Rajendra Prasad and then to Muzzafarpur.
After collecting complete information about the injustice done by the British landlords. Gandhi was ordered to leave Champaran, he opposed to obey the order. Then he was summoned to appear in the court.
A huge mass of farmers came to the meet Gandhi and gathered around the court in Motihari. This marked the beginning of their liberation from fear of the British. Gandhi helped the official to control the crowd, then British got to know that they could be challenged by the Indians.
The government prosecutor asked for postponement of the trial but Gandhi protested the delay and pleaded his guilty, he advocated his reason of disobedience. He was ready to pay penalty for this.Then the judge announced a break for two hours and ordered Gandhi only to pay the bill amount for that time, Gandhi refused. The judge had to let him free without bail, it was announced that the judgement could not be announced for dew days and Gandhi could remain freely.
When everything were normal Gandhi asked the lawyers there what they would have done if he had to be in jail, The lawyers told that they would have followed him to jail. At this point Gandhi exclaimed The battle of Champaran is won.
When everything were normal Gandhi asked the lawyers there what they would have done if he had to be in jail, The lawyers told that they would have followed him to jail. At this point Gandhi exclaimed The battle of Champaran is won.
Q2. The Champaran episode was a turning point in Gandhiji's life. Elucidate.
Ans: Gandhiji himself accepted the proposition that the Champaran episode was a turning point in his life. It was then that he decided to urge the departure of the British from India. In fact the Champaran episode was the first experiment of civil disobedience in India.
When Gandhiji was on his way to Champaran, he stayed in Muzaffarpur, where he met the lawyers who were fighting cases for the sharecroppers.
Ans: Gandhiji himself accepted the proposition that the Champaran episode was a turning point in his life. It was then that he decided to urge the departure of the British from India. In fact the Champaran episode was the first experiment of civil disobedience in India.
When Gandhiji was on his way to Champaran, he stayed in Muzaffarpur, where he met the lawyers who were fighting cases for the sharecroppers.
The peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken that Gandhiji concluded that law courts were useless. The real relief for them was to be free from fear. The spontaneous demonstration by the peasants showed that they were instilled with a new strength and spirit.
Gandhiji showed the poor peasants how to fight the British with ‘satyagraha’. He made them aware of their power and the power of ahimsa. All this laid the foundation of his future movements and served as a great source of strength and motivation for all Indians.
Q3. Describe the exploitation of the indigo sharecroppers by the English landlords. Did Gandhi help them to get an honourable settlement.
Ans: The British landlords in Champaran compelled the sharecroppers to plant 15 % of their land holding with indigo and surrender the entire as rent. It was done on the long term contract. They the landlords came to know about the synthetic indigo developed by Germany then the landlords demanded compensation from the sharecroppers. Some of the sharecroppers agreed and paid and some opposed to sign and pay.
Ans: The British landlords in Champaran compelled the sharecroppers to plant 15 % of their land holding with indigo and surrender the entire as rent. It was done on the long term contract. They the landlords came to know about the synthetic indigo developed by Germany then the landlords demanded compensation from the sharecroppers. Some of the sharecroppers agreed and paid and some opposed to sign and pay.
Rajkumar Shukla a sharecropper from Champaran met Gandhi and sought his help. Gandhi went to Champaran. At first Gandhi had to fight with British official and then got the supports of a number of eminent lawyers of Bihar. There was a huge demonstration of thousands of people. A commission of enquiry was conducted and at last British landlords had to pay 25% of the money to the peasants and from then sharecropping disappeared and landlords had to surrender their land holdings.
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